Origin & history
Epiphany, from the Greek 'epiphaneia' meaning 'manifestation,' originated in the Eastern Church as a celebration of Christ's baptism. In the West, it came to emphasize the visit of the Magi. In Vatican City, the feast has been observed since early Christian times, with the first recorded papal Mass on Epiphany taking place in the 4th century. The Vatican's celebration reflects its role as the center of Roman Catholicism, linking the universal Church to the biblical event of the Magi's homage.
Customs & traditions
The central event in Vatican City is the papal Mass celebrated in St. Peter's Basilica. The Pope delivers a homily and blesses the 'acqua epifania' (Epiphany water), which is then distributed to the faithful. This water is believed to have special blessings. Outside the basilica, a nativity scene remains on display until Epiphany. While Vatican City itself has no public food traditions, many pilgrims bring traditional Italian treats like 'befanini' cookies from home. The day also commemorates the tradition of La Befana, a kindly witch who delivers gifts to children on Epiphany Eve, though this custom is more Italian than strictly Vatican.
Why it is celebrated
Epiphany celebrates the revelation of Christ to the Gentiles, represented by the Magi. In Vatican City, the feast underscores the universal nature of the Church and its mission to all peoples. The papal blessing of water symbolizes purification and new life, reminding the faithful of their baptismal commitment. Epiphany thus marks the culmination of the Christmas season, focusing on the manifestation of God's salvation to the world.