Origin & history
Republic Day marks the founding of the Republic of Turkey on October 29, 1923, when Mustafa Kemal Atatürk declared the new republic, replacing the Ottoman Empire. The Grand National Assembly had abolished the sultanate in 1922, and after the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923 secured international recognition, the assembly voted to establish a republic with Ankara as its capital. Atatürk was elected its first president. This date symbolizes the culmination of the Turkish War of Independence and the birth of a modern, secular nation-state.
Customs & traditions
Republic Day is marked by official ceremonies, including a wreath-laying ceremony at Atatürk's mausoleum (Anıtkabir) in Ankara, and a parade of military and civilian groups. Public buildings and streets are decorated with Turkish flags and portraits of Atatürk. Many cities host concerts, fireworks, and cultural events. Schools and government offices are closed, and students participate in morning ceremonies reciting the national anthem.
Why it is celebrated
Republic Day celebrates the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, a key event that modernized the country and separated state and religion. It represents national unity, independence, and the principles of Atatürk's reforms, including democracy, secularism, and progress. For Turks, it is a day of pride and remembrance of the sacrifices made for sovereignty.