Origin & history
St. Berchtold's Day, known as 'Berchtoldstag' in German, is named after Berchtold V, Duke of Zähringen, who founded the city of Bern in 1191. The day is also linked to the 'Berchtold' tradition, where the 'Berchtold' is a masked figure who drives away winter spirits. The holiday has roots in medieval times, coinciding with the old New Year's Eve under the Julian calendar before the Gregorian reform. It was a day for settling accounts and making New Year's visits, which later evolved into a festive occasion.
Customs & traditions
On St. Berchtold's Day, many Swiss families go ice skating, skiing, or take winter walks. A popular tradition is eating 'Berchtoldsküchlein', a deep-fried pastry dusted with sugar. Some regions hold 'Berchtold's parades' with costumed figures, while in others, children go door-to-door reciting verses for treats. In Bern, the 'Zibelemärit' (onion market) sometimes extends to this day. The holiday is also a time for 'Chlausjagen', where people dressed as St. Nicholas and other characters chase away winter. In recent years, many use the day to enjoy extended New Year festivities with family and friends.
Why it is celebrated
St. Berchtold's Day marks the end of the Christmas holiday period and serves as an extended celebration of the New Year. It represents a moment for community bonding, outdoor activities, and preserving regional folklore. The holiday emphasizes the importance of family and local traditions, particularly in the German-speaking cantons of Switzerland where it is observed. It also honors the historical figure of Berchtold V and the founding of Bern, connecting modern celebrations with medieval Swiss heritage.