Origin & history
After the end of Japanese colonial rule in 1945, the United States military government administered South Korea. The first National Assembly was elected in May 1948 and drafted the Constitution, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. This date was chosen because it symbolically coincides with the founding date of the Joseon Dynasty, emphasizing continuity and national identity. The Constitution established South Korea as a democratic republic with a separation of powers, and Constitution Day was first celebrated in 1949 to honor this foundational document.
Customs & traditions
Traditionally, Constitution Day is marked by official ceremonies, including a commemorative event at the National Assembly and the raising of the national flag (Taegeukgi) on public buildings. Schools and government offices may hold educational programs about the Constitution and its significance. However, since 2008, Constitution Day is no longer a public holiday; it is a national day of observance without a day off work. As a result, many South Koreans may not observe it with special customs. Some civic organizations hold seminars, debates, or cultural events to promote constitutional awareness. There are no specific foods associated with the holiday.
Why it is celebrated
Constitution Day is celebrated to reaffirm the values of democracy, rule of law, and human rights enshrined in the Constitution. It serves as a reminder of the nation's founding principles and its transition from authoritarian rule to a democratic society. The day also honors the struggles for democracy in South Korea's history, such as the April Revolution and the June Democratic Uprising. It is a time for reflection on the constitutional framework that has guided the country's development and stability.