Origin & history
Bonifacio Day was established to honor the birth of Andrés Bonifacio, who was born on November 30, 1863. Bonifacio was a revolutionary leader and founder of the Katipunan, a secret society that sparked the Philippine Revolution in 1896. The holiday was first observed under the American colonial government, which recognized Bonifacio's role in the struggle for independence. Initially, it was celebrated as a civic holiday, and later became a regular public holiday. The date was fixed to November 30, regardless of the day of the week, to ensure consistent observance.
Customs & traditions
Filipinos observe Bonifacio Day with various ceremonies and activities. Government offices, schools, and many businesses close, while the national flag is flown at half-mast until noon in some areas. Commemorative events include wreath-laying ceremonies at Bonifacio's monument in Caloocan City and other memorials nationwide. Historical reenactments of the 'Cry of Pugad Lawin'—the event where Bonifacio tore his cedula (tax certificate) as a sign of revolt—are staged. Civic groups and organizations hold parades, exhibits, and talks about Bonifacio's life and the revolution. Some communities also organize fun runs, cultural shows, and educational programs to engage the youth. Food is not typically central to the observance, but families may gather for simple meals or picnics.
Why it is celebrated
Bonifacio Day serves as a reminder of the sacrifices made by Andrés Bonifacio and the Katipunan in the fight for Philippine independence from Spanish colonization. It honors the spirit of nationalism and the courage to challenge oppressive rule. The day is an opportunity for Filipinos to reflect on their history and the values of patriotism, bravery, and unity that Bonifacio embodied. It also highlights the ongoing relevance of these ideals in contemporary society.