Origin & history
The Day of the Proclamation of the Republic of Latvia commemorates November 18, 1918, when the Latvian People's Council declared Latvia's independence from the Russian Empire at the National Theatre in Riga. This act followed the end of World War I and the collapse of the Russian Empire, amidst a period of national awakening. The declaration was signed by Kārlis Ulmanis, who became the first prime minister. However, full independence was only achieved after the Latvian War of Independence (1918–1920) against Bolshevik forces and Baltic German troops, culminating in the Latvian–Soviet Peace Treaty on August 11, 1920.
Customs & traditions
The day begins with official ceremonies, including a flag-raising at Riga Castle and a military parade on the Freedom Monument square. Many Latvians attend concerts, choir performances, and the traditional 'Lighting of the Candles' at the Freedom Monument in the evening, where thousands gather to sing patriotic songs. Homes and public buildings display the national flag, and schools hold educational events. Typical foods may include grey peas with bacon (a traditional dish) and pastries like 'piragi'.
Why it is celebrated
November 18 is Latvia's most important national holiday, embodying the nation's sovereignty and cultural identity. It honors the struggle for independence and the values of democracy, freedom, and unity. The holiday reinforces national pride and remembrance of those who fought for Latvia's freedom, serving as a yearly reaffirmation of the country's independent statehood even during the Soviet occupation (1940–1991) when celebrations were suppressed.