Origin & history
The tradition of celebrating the emperor's birthday dates back to 1868, when Emperor Meiji's birthday was first observed as a national holiday. After World War II and the new constitution, the holiday was retained as a symbol of the emperor's role as the symbol of the state and the unity of the people. The date changes with each emperor's accession; for Naruhito, it is February 23, while his father Akihito's was December 23 and Hirohito's was April 29 (now Showa Day).
Customs & traditions
The main event is the public ceremony at the Tokyo Imperial Palace, where the imperial family appears on the balcony to greet thousands of well-wishers. People wave small Japanese flags and shout 'Banzai!' (long life). The palace grounds are open to the public, and special exhibitions are often held. Schools and public buildings display the national flag. While there are no specific foods, many families enjoy a festive meal or visit shrines to pray for the emperor's health.
Why it is celebrated
The Emperor's Birthday emphasizes the emperor's role as a symbol of the state and national unity under the post-war constitution. It is a day for the public to express their respect and goodwill toward the imperial family, and it reinforces the continuity of Japan's monarchy, the world's oldest hereditary dynasty. The holiday also provides a moment of national pride and cultural identity.