Origin & history
The holiday originates from the ancient Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan), which states that Emperor Jimmu, the mythical first emperor of Japan, ascended the throne on the first day of the first month in the traditional lunisolar calendar, corresponding to February 11, 660 BCE. This date was officially established as Empire Day (Kigensetsu) in 1872 during the Meiji period to promote national unity and reverence for the imperial line. After World War II, the holiday was abolished in 1948 due to its association with militaristic emperor worship, but it was reinstated in 1966 as Foundation Day, becoming a national holiday in 1967 after debates over its historical and symbolic meaning.
Customs & traditions
On Foundation Day, government buildings and some private homes display the Japanese flag (Hinomaru). The prime minister and other officials issue statements reflecting on the nation's history and future. Many people visit shrines, especially the Meiji Shrine in Tokyo or the Kashihara Shrine in Nara (near the legendary site of Jimmu's accession), to pray for the country's prosperity. Parades and cultural events may occur, but the day is generally quiet, with families spending time together. No specific foods are traditional, though some may enjoy celebratory dishes like sekihan (red rice) or osechi-style items.
Why it is celebrated
Foundation Day commemorates the founding of Japan and the establishment of its imperial institution, which is considered the world's oldest continuous hereditary monarchy. For many Japanese, it is a day to reflect on national identity, history, and the positive aspects of their culture and achievements. While it remains somewhat controversial due to its historical ties to ultra-nationalism, it is now widely observed as a day for reaffirming pride in Japan's heritage and peaceful development.