Origin & history
The origins of Coming of Age Day can be traced back to ancient coming-of-age rites in Japan, such as the genpuku ceremony for boys and the mogi ceremony for girls, which were practiced among the nobility and samurai classes since the Nara period (710–794). These ceremonies marked the transition from childhood to adulthood, typically around ages 12 to 16. The modern holiday was established in 1948 after World War II, when the National Holiday Law was enacted. The age of majority was set at 20 in the Civil Code of 1876, but the holiday itself was created to encourage young people to become responsible members of society. The date was originally January 15, but in 2000 it was moved to the second Monday of January as part of the Happy Monday System to create a three-day weekend.
Customs & traditions
On Coming of Age Day, local governments host coming-of-age ceremonies (seijin shiki) for those who turned 20 between the previous April and the current April. Young women often wear elaborate furisode (long-sleeved kimono) with matching accessories, while men typically wear dark suits or traditional hakama. The ceremonies include speeches by local officials, gift presentations, and sometimes cultural performances. After the ceremonies, many new adults gather with friends and family to celebrate at restaurants, karaoke bars, or parties. Photos are a key part of the day, with many visiting shrines or scenic spots for commemorative portraits. Traditional foods such as sekihan (red rice) and celebratory sake are often enjoyed, though the focus is more on the formal ceremony and social gatherings rather than specific holiday dishes.
Why it is celebrated
Coming of Age Day is a rite of passage that symbolizes the assumption of adult responsibilities and privileges. At age 20, individuals gain the right to vote, drink alcohol, and smoke, but also must take on legal responsibilities such as signing contracts without parental consent. The holiday reinforces social cohesion and the value of maturity, encouraging young people to reflect on their future roles in society. It also serves as a community celebration of youth and continuity, marking an important milestone in the lives of individuals and families.