Origin & history
The holiday originated from the labour movement's struggle for an eight-hour workday. In Italy, it was first celebrated in 1891 after the Second International of 1889 designated May 1st as Workers' Day. The day commemorates the 1886 Haymarket affair in Chicago, a pivotal event in labour history. Under Fascist rule (1924-1945), the celebration was suppressed and replaced by the Conciliatory Labour Day on April 21, but it was reinstated after World War II. The Italian Constitution of 1948 formally recognized May 1st as a public holiday.
Customs & traditions
Italians celebrate with concerts (such as the free concert in Rome's Piazza San Giovanni), political rallies, and family picnics. Traditional foods include fresh spring produce like fava beans and pecorino cheese, and the 'crescentina' flatbread. Many people also attend labour union events or enjoy a day off from work. The holiday is marked by a festive and sometimes politically charged atmosphere, with speeches by union and leftist leaders.
Why it is celebrated
International Workers Day is celebrated to honour the contributions of workers and to advocate for labour rights. In Italy, it also symbolizes the resilience of the labour movement against fascism and remains a key date for political expression and solidarity among workers. It is a reminder of the ongoing struggle for fair wages and working conditions.