Origin & history
St. Stephen's Day originates from the Christian tradition honoring Saint Stephen, the first Christian martyr, stoned to death in Jerusalem around 34 AD. The day became part of the Christmas season, celebrated on December 26 in Western Christianity. In Denmark, the holiday was established after the Reformation in the 16th century, when the Lutheran Church retained many Catholic saints' days, including Stephen's. The name '2. juledag' (Second Christmas Day) reflects its integration into the Danish Christmas period.
Historical records show that in medieval Denmark, St. Stephen's Day was also associated with the 'staffing' or 'stabling' of horses, possibly due to a legend that Saint Stephen was a stable boy. This led to traditions involving horses, which persisted even after the Reformation. The day was officially recognized as a public holiday in the Danish calendar, allowing for extended Christmas festivities.
Customs & traditions
A prominent tradition is the 'Staffet' or 'Stevns' ride, a horse race or procession held in some rural areas, particularly in Jutland. This custom harks back to the saint's association with horses. Many Danes attend church services, where hymns about Saint Stephen are sung. Families often gather for a second day of Christmas meals, featuring leftovers from the previous day's roast duck, pork, or goose, along with rice pudding (risalamande) and cookies.
In modern times, St. Stephen's Day is a relaxed holiday. Some people visit friends or go for walks, while others watch sports or engage in outdoor activities. Christmas markets may still be open, and there is a general atmosphere of continuation of the Christmas cheer. Unlike December 25, gift-giving is not typical; the focus is on socializing and enjoying a day off work.
Why it is celebrated
St. Stephen's Day holds significance as an extension of Christmas celebrations, allowing Danes to spend extra time with family and friends. It marks the transition from the intense festivities of Christmas Eve and Day to a more leisurely second day. Religiously, it commemorates Saint Stephen's martyrdom, reminding Christians of the early Church's sacrifices. In Danish culture, it underscores the importance of the Christmas season as a time for togetherness and reflection, blending Christian heritage with national traditions.