Origin & history
General Manuel Belgrano (1770–1820) was a lawyer, economist, and military leader who played a pivotal role in Argentina's independence. He created the Argentine flag on February 27, 1812, and led the Army of the North in key battles. After his death on June 20, 1820, his contributions were increasingly celebrated. Initially, June 20 was observed as Flag Day, but in 1938, Law No. 12,361 officially established June 20 as a national public holiday to honor Belgrano's memory. In recent years, the holiday was refocused as 'General Manuel Belgrano Memorial Day' to highlight his broader legacy beyond the flag. The date coincides with the anniversary of his death, not his birth, which is commemorated separately on June 3 (Flag Day) in schools. The holiday is fixed to June 20, and if it falls on a Tuesday or Wednesday, it may be moved to the preceding Monday to create a long weekend, as per Argentina's holiday mobility policy.
Customs & traditions
The day is marked by official ceremonies, patriotic school events, and flag-raising rituals. In Buenos Aires, a central ceremony takes place at the National Flag Memorial in Rosario, where the flag is raised and wreaths are laid. Many schools hold assemblies where students recite poems, sing the national anthem, and perform acts highlighting Belgrano's life. Families often enjoy asados (barbecues) or picnics in parks, and some attend military parades. Traditional foods include locro (a hearty stew) and empanadas. The holiday is also a time for civic education, with media broadcasts about Belgrano's achievements. In some regions, reenactments of historical battles or flag creation are staged.
Why it is celebrated
The holiday honors Manuel Belgrano's multifaceted contributions as a patriot, educator, and economist. He is revered as the creator of the national flag, a symbol of unity and identity. Beyond military feats, Belgrano promoted education for women, founded schools, and advocated for economic development. Memorial Day encourages reflection on civic duty and national pride. It serves as a reminder of the sacrifices made during the independence struggle and the values of justice, liberty, and education that Belgrano embodied. The day also reinforces the importance of the flag as a unifying emblem for all Argentinians.