Anniversary of the Passing of General Martín Miguel de Güemes

Martín Miguel de Güemes was a military leader who led guerrilla forces, known as the Infernales, in the northern provinces of Argentina. He played a crucial role in the Argentine War of Independence by defending the region against Spanish royalist invasions from Upper Peru (modern-day Bolivia). After years of fighting, Güemes was wounded during a royalist attack on June 17, 1821, in Salta, and died a few days later. The anniversary was officially declared a national holiday in Argentina in 1999, initially as a non-working day for the province of Salta, and later extended nationwide in 2004. The date of June 17 was chosen to mark his death, though some regions may observe it on the nearest Monday.

The main celebrations take place in Salta, where Güemes is a beloved local hero. The day begins with official ceremonies, including floral offerings at his mausoleum in the Salta Cathedral and a military parade. Locals and officials participate in acts of remembrance, often wearing traditional gaucho attire. Festivities include folk music, dances (such as the zamba and chacarera), and typical foods like empanadas, locro, and tamales. In some communities, reenactments of Güemes's battles or the 'Güemes' fogón' (campfire gatherings) are held, where people share stories and songs about the general's life.

This holiday is a tribute to Güemes's sacrifice and strategic importance in Argentina's independence movement. He is remembered for his unwavering defense of the northern frontier, which allowed General San Martín to carry out the liberating campaigns in Chile and Peru. The day reinforces Argentine national identity and the value of local heroes, particularly in the north, and serves as a reminder of the diverse forms of resistance that enabled independence.